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Joints – a highly complex matter!
Joint function depends on the integrity of the normal anatomy and proper cellular function of all structures involved in the joint. The following structures belong to a joint: bone, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, joint capsule and ligament structures.
On both sides of a joint, the bone is covered by articular cartilage, which provides the almost frictionless contact surfaces of the joint. The synovial membrane (inner lining) and the joint capsule (outer part) surround the cartilage and adhere to the bone on both sides of the joint, providing stability and a cavity for the synovial fluid. A joint is further stabilized by the surrounding ligament and muscle structures.